School of Social and Political Science

Dr Robert Smith

Job Title

Lecturer, Science & Technology Studies

Photo
profile picture

Room number

1.23

Building (Address)

Chisholm House

Street (Address)

High School Yards

City (Address)

Edinburgh

Country (Address)

UK

Post code (Address)

EH1 1LZ

Research interests

Research interests

My research examines the social, political and policy dimensions of the life sciences. I am particularly interested in how science and technology are made and governed, and how they might be re-made and governed in ways that are more democratic or environmentally beneficial than they are currently. In practice, I work in close proximity to a range of people floating around in the life sciences including scientists, policy makers, administrators public groups or artists. I use insights from Science and Technology Studies to make sense of what is going on, and often do so collaboratively.

With Jane Calvert, I lead a group of researchers working on the social and political dimensions of synthetic biology. My research has been funded by ARIA, ESRC, BBSRC, The British Academy and the Norwegian Research Council amongst others.

A lot of my work happens under the label of responsible innovation -- I'm advisor on responsible innovation to several public funding organisations and Edinburgh Innovations, the University's innovation organisation. I convene the Edinburgh Hub on Responsible Innovation and also run training on responsible innovation to PhD cohorts and professionals outside the university. During 2025 and 2026 I am part-time seconded to the UK Government Office for Science to help develop a social scientific work programme on Technology for Societal Benefit.

Keywords

Science policy, Synthetic biology, Emerging biotechnologies, Public value, Governance of science and technology, Collaborative methods, Research funding, Responsible innovation, Science and technology studies, Biofuels, Gene Drive, Synthetic Genomics, Plants

Current projects

  1. Cultivating responsible innovation for plant synthetic genomics through experimental governance. (2025-28) Principal Investigator w/ CoIs Sarah Hartley and Adrian Ely. UK Advanced Research and Invention Agency.
  2. Developing a Programme on Technology in Society at the UK Government Office for Science (2025-26) ESRC Impact Accelerator Account Policy Placement.
  3. Global Centers: Reliable and Scalable Biofoundries for Biomanufacturing and Global Bioeconomy. (2025-30) Co-Investigator and WP Co-Lead w/ PI: Huimin Zhao, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. US NSF, UKRI, JST, RCF and National Research Foundation of Korea.
  4. A Programme for Responsible Research and Innovation in Materials and Health Funding. (2024–29) PI w/Co-Is Ellen-Marie Forsberg (Norsus) and Michael Bernstein (AIT). Norwegian Research Council.
  5. Engineered Genetic Control Systems for Advanced Therapeutics Hub (2024-29) Co-I w/ PI Susan Rosser and Co-Is Steven Pollard, Andrew Baker, Diego Oyarzún, Giovanni Stracquadanio, Jane Calvert, Owen Sansom, Jennifer Morton, Daniel Murphy, Mark Isalan, Geoff Baldwin, Alexander Douglas, Deborah Gill and Stephen Hyde, plus rCo-I Adam Mol. UKRI Engineering Biology Mission Hubs.
  6. Building a Responsible Research Ecosystem for Engineering Biology. (2024-28) International Collaborator w/PI Koichi Mikami, Keio University. JST RISTEX.

Completed projects

  1. RRI Lead for Centres for Doctoral Training in Chemical Biology, Next Generation Synthesis and Convergence
    Technologies in Cancer Research (2023-24) PI w/ Co-Is Sophie Stone and Reuben Message. Imperial College London.
  2. Piloting responsible innovation in the University of Edinburgh’s devolved funding programmes. (2023) PI. EPSRC IAA Secondment.
  3. Exploring methods of RRI that intervene in places and spaces of scientific practice. (2023) PI w/Co-Is Sophie
    Stone. BBSRC Transition Award MicroFund.
  4. Critical Codes: Ethical Codes of Conduct as a mode of governance for emerging technologies. (2022) PI w/Co-Is Matjaz Vidmar and Filippo Cuttica. New America Foundation.
  5. Future Organisms: Synthetic Genomics and Responsible Research and Innovation in the UK, the USA and Japan. ESRC-NSF SBE Lead Agency Award 2021-2024 (CoI; PI: Jane Calvert, w/ Co-Is Erika Szymanski and Koichi Mikami).
  6. UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology. BBSRC, EPSRC and MRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre Award (PI: Susan Rosser, Co-I: Jane Calvert).
  7. Strengthening gene drive governance for malaria control in Africa. Research England Global Challenges Research Fund 2021. (Co-I; PI - Sarah Hartley)
  8. Inclusive and international risk assessment: Building a framework for gene drive organisms through collaboration. British Academy Knowledge Frontiers 2020 Award (Co-I; PI - Sarah Hartley).
  9. Building Capacity for Responsible Innovation in International Biotechnology Policy Organisations. ESRC Impact Accelerator Award 2019. (PI w/ CoIs Thoko Kamwendo and Jane Calvert)
  10. Supporting Best Practice Responsible Research & Innovation in the ERA-Net CoFund on Biotechnology Research Programme. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council 2019 (PI, Co-I’s Jane Calvert, Deborah Scott and Thoko Kamwendo).
  11. Co-developing risk assessment across disciplines and borders: Gene drive mosquito field trials in Uganda. British Academy Knowledge Frontiers 2018 Award (Co-I; PI - Sarah Hartley).
  12. Developing a framework for Responsible Research and Innovation in ERA CoBioTech. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, 2017 (Co-PI w/ Jane Calvert).

PhD Topics

I am very happy to supervise anybody with an interest in topics like: biology and how it is made; public and political issues in the life sciences; and the governance of science and technology. 

At the moment I'm particularly interested in plants, the international governance of biofoundries and photography as a mode of representing science.

Current PhD Students

Beren Sekerci - A New Class of Artefact? Exploring the Intersection of Materials Synthetic Biology and Biorobotics

Vardev Sachdev - Exploring the neocolonial notions of Biosfaety and Biosecurity in Southeast Asia

Completed PhD Students

Mayline Strouk - Free as a bird? Geography of seabird ornithologists' mobilities to the field in the Anthropocene (No corrections!)

Sophie Stone - Exploring the place of the human in mammalian synthetic biology practices

Publications

You can get publications from my website above, and some of them are on the University of Edinburgh explorer. (Click the publications tab at the top of this page).

Publications by user content

Publication Research Explorer link
Fujigaki Y, Shineha R, Smith RDJ, Sturdy S. Histories of scientific responsibility in Japan and the United Kingdom. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal. 2026 Mar 24;1-25. doi: 10.1080/18752160.2026.2625587
Smith R, Kawamura K, Szymanski E, Shineha R, Calvert J. The soba restaurant and the oyster bar: Peripheral spaces for responsible research and innovation. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal. 2025 Oct 20;1-19. Epub 2025 Oct 20. doi: 10.1080/18752160.2025.2550090
Frow E, Smith RDJ, Sundaram L. Governing Synthetic Biology. Oxford University Press, 2025. (Oxford Biology Primers).
Message R, Calvert J, Smith R. Automatic reply: Another university is possible. In Davies SR, Schikowitz A, Mora- Gámez F, Goldberg E, Dessewffy E, Pham BC, Avkıran A, Gregory K, editors, Revisiting Reflexivity: Liveable Worlds in Research and Beyond. Bristol University Press. 2025. p. 30-50. (Dis-positions: Troubling Methods and Theory in STS). doi: 10.51952/9781529244892.ch003
Lea-Smith DJ, Hassard F, Coulon F, Partridge N, Horsfall L, Parker KDJ et al. Engineering Biology Applications for Environmental Solutions: Potential and Challenges. Nature Communications. 2025 Apr 14;16(1):3538. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58492-0
Ely A, Coburn J, Moore D, Parker K, Smith RDJ, Calvert J et al. Exploring Environmental Biotechnology as a Field: Report to the Environmental Biotechnology Network (EBNet) by the EBNet Social Sciences Working Group . Environmental Biotechnology Network, 2025. 72 p.
Hartley S, Smith RDJ. Anticipatory stakeholder engagement provides insights for gene drive in invasive species through the case of gene drive grey squirrels. Environmental Science and Policy. 2024 Dec;162:1-9. 103939. Epub 2024 Nov 18. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103939
Smith RDJ, Schäfer S, Bernstein MJ. Governing beyond the project: Refocusing innovation governance in emerging science and technology funding. Social Studies of Science. 2024 Jun;54(3):377-404. Epub 2023 Nov 16. doi: 10.1177/03063127231205043
Taitingfong RI, Triplett C, Vásquez VN, Rajagopalan R, Raban R, Roberts A et al. Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry. Nature Biotechnology. 2022 Dec 15. Epub 2022 Dec 15. doi: 10.1038/s41587-022-01591-w
Bernstein MJ, Franssen T, Smith RDJ, de Wilde M. The European Commission’s Green Deal is an opportunity to rethink harmful practices of research and innovation policy. Ambio. 2022 Nov 2. Epub 2022 Nov 2. doi: 10.1007/s13280-022-01802-3
Smith RDJ, Hartley S, Middleton P, Jewitt T. Knowing when to talk? Plant genome editing as a site for pre-engagement institutional reflexivity. Public Understanding of Science. 2021 Aug;30(6):740-758. Epub 2021 Apr 3. doi: 10.1177/0963662521999796
Smith RDJ, Kamwendo ZT, Berndt A, Parkin J. Taking knowledge production seriously in responsible research and innovation. Journal of Responsible Innovation. 2021 Jun 28. Epub 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2021.1935584
Szymanski EA, Smith RDJ, Calvert J. Responsible research and innovation meets multispecies studies: Why RRI needs to be a more-than-human exercise. Journal of Responsible Innovation. 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1. doi: 10.1080/23299460.2021.1906040
Hartley S, Smith RDJ, Kokotovich A, Opesen C, Habtewold T, Ledingham K et al. Ugandan stakeholder hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control: New directions for gene drive risk governance. Malaria Journal. 2021 Mar 16;20(1):1-13. 149. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03682-6
Szymanski E, Bates T, Cachat E, Calvert J, Catts O, Nelson LJ et al. Crossing kingdoms: How can art open up new ways of thinking about science? Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020 Jul 3;8:715. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00715
Kemp L, Adam L, Boehm CR, Breitling R, Casagrande R, Dando M et al. Bioengineering horizon scan 2020. eLIFE. 2020 May 29;9. doi: 10.7554/eLife.54489
Smith RDJ, Scott D, Kamwendo ZT, Calvert J. An Agenda for Responsible Research and Innovation in ERA CoBioTech. Swindon: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK), 2019. 32 p.
Smith R, Samuel GN. Who’s talking about non-human Genome Editing? Mapping public discussion in the UK. Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, 2018. 31 p.
Smith RDJ, Samuel G. Who's talking about non-human genome editing? Mapping public discussion in the UK. Sciencewise, 2018. 31 p.
Smith R, Marris C, Berry D, Sundaram L, Rose N. Synthetic Biology Biosensors for Global Health Challenges. London: King's College London , 2017. 70 p.
Ribeiro BE, Smith RDJ, Millar K. A mobilising concept? Unpacking academic representations of responsible research and innovation. Science and Engineering Ethics. 2017 Feb;23(1):81–103. Epub 2016 Mar 8. doi: 10.1007/s11948-016-9761-6
Raman S, Mohr A, Helliwell R, Ribeiro B, Shortall O, Smith R et al. Integrating social and value dimensions into sustainability assessment of lignocellulosic biofuels. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2015 Nov;82:49-62. Epub 2015 May 23. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.04.022
Boucher P, Smith R, Millar K. Biofuels under the spotlight: The state of assessment and potential for integration. Science and Public Policy. 2014 Jun 1;41(3):283–293. Epub 2014 May 22. doi: 10.1093/scipol/scu028
Robert Smith's Research Explorer profile